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Economic News Release
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JOLTS JLT Program Links

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release


For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, July 10, 2018	USDL-18-1141

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                              JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MAY 2018

The number of job openings edged down to 6.6 million on the last business day of May, the U.S. Bureau 
of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little changed at 5.8 
million and 5.5 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate and the layoffs and discharges 
rate were little changed at 2.4 percent and 1.1 percent, respectively. This release includes estimates of 
the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by 
four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of May, the job openings level edged down to 6.6 million from a revised April 
level of 6.8 million, a series high. The job openings rate was 4.3 percent. The number of job openings 
decreased for total private (-228,000) and was little changed for government. Job openings increased in 
federal government (+12,000) and mining and logging (+10,000) but decreased in information (-60,000) 
and arts, entertainment, and recreation (-27,000). The number of job openings decreased in the Northeast 
region. (See table 1.)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|                             Errors in JOLTS federal government estimates                              |
|BLS identified errors in the JOLTS federal government hires, total separations, and layoffs and        |
|discharges estimates from January 2011 forward. These data have been suppressed from the BLS database  |
|and this news release. For more information on this error and correction plans, please visit:          |
|www.bls.gov/bls/errata/jolts-errata-06122018.htm.                                                      |
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.8 million in May. The hires rate was 3.9 percent. The 
number of hires was little changed for total private. Hires increased in health care and social assistance 
(+48,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.5 million in May. The total separations rate was 
3.7 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private. Total separations 
decreased in arts, entertainment, and recreation (-39,000) and state and local government education 
(-17,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits increased in May to 3.6 million (+212,000). The quits rate was 2.4 percent. The 
number of quits rose for total private (+204,000) and was little changed for government. Quits increased 
in health care and social assistance (+55,000), finance and insurance (+21,000), and transportation, 
warehousing, and utilities (+20,000). The number of quits increased in the South region. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed at 1.6 million in May. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was 1.1 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for total 
private. Layoffs and discharges decreased in retail trade (-75,000), arts, entertainment, and recreation 
(-44,000), and state and local government education (-15,000). The number of layoffs and discharges 
decreased in the West region. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in May at 320,000. The number of other 
separations was little changed for total private and decreased for government (-13,000). Other 
separations decreased in finance and insurance (-19,000), state and local government education (-7,000), 
and federal government (-4,000). Other separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in May, hires totaled 66.4 million and 
separations totaled 63.9 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for June 2018 are scheduled to be released 
on Tuesday, August 7, 2018 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).


Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Category Job openings Hires Total separations
May
2017
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)
May
2017
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)
May
2017
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)


Total

5,688 6,840 6,638 5,486 5,581 5,754 5,266 5,424 5,468

Total private

5,175 6,263 6,035 5,146 5,236 5,413 4,916 5,085 5,147

Mining and logging(1)

21 27 37 39 39 42 29 34 34

Construction(1)

183 243 243 371 347 385 351 318 345

Manufacturing

354 452 441 332 358 346 325 343 333

Durable goods(1)

202 281 272 184 213 202 174 198 184

Nondurable goods(1)

152 171 169 148 145 143 152 145 148

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,007 1,298 1,298 1,061 1,109 1,103 1,055 1,104 1,076

Wholesale trade(1)

194 214 208 130 128 130 123 136 122

Retail trade

654 771 776 724 759 742 741 757 729

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

159 313 314 207 222 231 192 211 225

Information(1)

100 188 128 77 84 91 82 85 90

Financial activities

345 335 336 223 194 196 212 198 198

Finance and insurance

265 237 248 146 127 123 133 122 121

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

80 98 88 77 68 73 79 76 77

Professional and business services

987 1,254 1,190 1,141 1,143 1,201 1,082 1,114 1,163

Education and health services

1,089 1,287 1,224 676 687 735 629 641 675

Educational services(1)

101 114 106 100 103 102 87 91 98

Health care and social assistance

988 1,173 1,119 576 584 632 541 549 578

Leisure and hospitality

824 940 902 986 1,050 1,070 961 1,050 1,035

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

58 113 86 155 171 158 146 176 137

Accommodation and food services

766 827 817 831 879 911 815 874 898

Other services(1)

267 239 235 240 223 245 189 199 198

Government

513 577 602 - - - - - -

Federal(1)

106 82 94 - - - - - -

State and local

406 495 508 303 308 314 317 304 291

State and local education

143 175 172 147 155 149 144 160 143

State and local, excluding education(1)

264 320 337 156 153 165 173 144 148





RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)


Total

3.7 4.4 4.3 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.7

Total private

4.0 4.7 4.6 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging(1)

3.0 3.6 4.8 5.8 5.3 5.7 4.4 4.6 4.6

Construction(1)

2.6 3.3 3.3 5.4 4.8 5.3 5.1 4.4 4.8

Manufacturing

2.8 3.4 3.4 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6

Durable goods(1)

2.6 3.4 3.3 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.3

Nondurable goods(1)

3.1 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

3.5 4.5 4.5 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.9

Wholesale trade(1)

3.2 3.5 3.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.1

Retail trade

4.0 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

2.7 5.1 5.1 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.8

Information(1)

3.5 6.3 4.4 2.8 3.0 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.3

Financial activities

3.9 3.8 3.8 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3

Finance and insurance

4.1 3.6 3.8 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

3.5 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.6 3.4 3.4

Professional and business services

4.6 5.7 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.6

Education and health services

4.5 5.2 4.9 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.9

Educational services(1)

2.7 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.6

Health care and social assistance

4.8 5.6 5.3 3.0 2.9 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.9

Leisure and hospitality

4.9 5.5 5.3 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.0 6.5 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2.4 4.6 3.5 6.7 7.3 6.7 6.3 7.5 5.9

Accommodation and food services

5.3 5.6 5.5 6.1 6.3 6.5 5.9 6.3 6.4

Other services(1)

4.4 3.9 3.9 4.2 3.8 4.2 3.3 3.4 3.4

Government

2.2 2.5 2.6 - - - - - -

Federal(1)

3.6 2.9 3.3 - - - - - -

State and local

2.0 2.5 2.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local education

1.4 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

State and local, excluding education(1)

2.8 3.4 3.5 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6

Footnotes
(1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.
(p) Preliminary

-Data not available


Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
May
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)
May
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)

Total

5,688 6,228 6,078 6,633 6,840 6,638 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.3 4.4 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,175 5,675 5,489 6,026 6,263 6,035 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.6

Mining and logging(3)

21 27 24 22 27 37 3.0 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.6 4.8

Construction(3)

183 252 180 235 243 243 2.6 3.4 2.4 3.2 3.3 3.3

Manufacturing

354 424 414 421 452 441 2.8 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.4

Durable goods(3)

202 273 261 253 281 272 2.6 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.3

Nondurable goods(3)

152 152 153 168 171 169 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,007 1,217 1,093 1,231 1,298 1,298 3.5 4.2 3.8 4.3 4.5 4.5

Wholesale trade(3)

194 224 174 199 214 208 3.2 3.6 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.4

Retail trade

654 709 663 733 771 776 4.0 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

159 283 256 299 313 314 2.7 4.7 4.2 4.9 5.1 5.1

Information(3)

100 112 118 152 188 128 3.5 3.9 4.1 5.2 6.3 4.4

Financial activities

345 355 406 368 335 336 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.8

Finance and insurance

265 265 339 281 237 248 4.1 4.0 5.1 4.3 3.6 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

80 90 67 87 98 88 3.5 3.9 2.9 3.7 4.2 3.8

Professional and business services

987 1,028 1,016 1,160 1,254 1,190 4.6 4.7 4.7 5.3 5.7 5.4

Education and health services

1,089 1,175 1,192 1,269 1,287 1,224 4.5 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.2 4.9

Educational services(3)

101 106 81 103 114 106 2.7 2.8 2.1 2.7 3.0 2.8

Health care and social assistance

988 1,069 1,111 1,166 1,173 1,119 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.6 5.6 5.3

Leisure and hospitality

824 878 812 900 940 902 4.9 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.5 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

58 77 84 86 113 86 2.4 3.2 3.4 3.5 4.6 3.5

Accommodation and food services

766 801 728 815 827 817 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.6 5.5

Other services(3)

267 206 234 268 239 235 4.4 3.4 3.9 4.4 3.9 3.9

Government

513 553 590 607 577 602 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6

Federal(3)

106 88 69 96 82 94 3.6 3.0 2.4 3.3 2.9 3.3

State and local

406 465 520 511 495 508 2.0 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5

State and local education

143 165 180 174 175 172 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6

State and local, excluding education(3)

264 300 340 337 320 337 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5

REGION(4)

Northeast

1,023 1,007 1,019 1,134 1,196 1,075 3.7 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.2 3.8

South

2,094 2,216 2,182 2,329 2,405 2,432 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.3

Midwest

1,302 1,507 1,465 1,629 1,656 1,633 3.9 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.8 4.7

West

1,268 1,499 1,412 1,541 1,582 1,497 3.6 4.2 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.2

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
May
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)
May
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)

Total

5,486 5,574 5,511 5,486 5,581 5,754 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,146 5,236 5,178 5,150 5,236 5,413 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3

Mining and logging

39 32 36 35 39 42 5.8 4.5 5.1 4.9 5.3 5.7

Construction

371 353 352 343 347 385 5.4 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.3

Manufacturing

332 360 382 353 358 346 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.7

Durable goods

184 212 215 211 213 202 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6

Nondurable goods

148 149 167 142 145 143 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,061 1,089 1,080 1,080 1,109 1,103 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0

Wholesale trade

130 151 139 139 128 130 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2

Retail trade

724 728 724 721 759 742 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.8 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

207 210 216 220 222 231 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9

Information

77 79 82 84 84 91 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3

Financial activities

223 223 227 183 194 196 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.3

Finance and insurance

146 152 153 115 127 123 2.3 2.4 2.4 1.8 2.0 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

77 71 73 68 68 73 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.2

Professional and business services

1,141 1,160 1,150 1,178 1,143 1,201 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.7

Education and health services

676 709 673 662 687 735 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.1

Educational services

100 119 88 91 103 102 2.7 3.2 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.8

Health care and social assistance

576 591 584 571 584 632 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.2

Leisure and hospitality

986 1,027 1,028 1,013 1,050 1,070 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.5 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

155 164 167 161 171 158 6.7 7.0 7.1 6.9 7.3 6.7

Accommodation and food services

831 863 861 852 879 911 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.5

Other services

240 204 170 219 223 245 4.2 3.5 2.9 3.7 3.8 4.2

Government

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Federal

- - - - - - - - - - - -

State and local

303 301 296 297 308 314 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6

State and local education

147 147 145 146 155 149 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

State and local, excluding education

156 154 151 151 153 165 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8

REGION(3)

Northeast

960 817 802 786 806 818 3.6 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0

South

2,151 2,266 2,138 2,182 2,229 2,314 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.3

Midwest

1,170 1,203 1,238 1,218 1,224 1,322 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 4.0

West

1,204 1,288 1,333 1,299 1,322 1,299 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.8

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

-Data not available


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
May
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)
May
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)

Total

5,266 5,319 5,173 5,322 5,424 5,468 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,916 4,989 4,844 4,986 5,085 5,147 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging

29 31 32 34 34 34 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.6

Construction

351 337 305 352 318 345 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.9 4.4 4.8

Manufacturing

325 343 350 342 343 333 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6

Durable goods

174 195 192 198 198 184 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3

Nondurable goods

152 148 159 145 145 148 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,055 1,061 1,010 1,067 1,104 1,076 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.0 3.9

Wholesale trade

123 149 135 131 136 122 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1

Retail trade

741 714 672 732 757 729 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

192 198 202 205 211 225 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.8

Information

82 93 84 75 85 90 2.9 3.4 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.3

Financial activities

212 212 199 171 198 198 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.3

Finance and insurance

133 147 148 106 122 121 2.1 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

79 65 51 64 76 77 3.6 2.9 2.3 2.9 3.4 3.4

Professional and business services

1,082 1,074 1,081 1,163 1,114 1,163 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.6 5.3 5.6

Education and health services

629 656 644 615 641 675 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.9

Educational services

87 89 96 91 91 98 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6

Health care and social assistance

541 566 548 525 549 578 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9

Leisure and hospitality

961 988 984 973 1,050 1,035 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.5 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

146 157 157 145 176 137 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.2 7.5 5.9

Accommodation and food services

815 831 827 828 874 898 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.3 6.4

Other services

189 195 155 194 199 198 3.3 3.3 2.7 3.3 3.4 3.4

Government

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Federal

- - - - - - - - - - - -

State and local

317 298 288 296 304 291 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5

State and local education

144 156 142 149 160 143 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

State and local, excluding education

173 141 147 147 144 148 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

REGION(3)

Northeast

815 813 758 773 802 799 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9

South

2,230 2,186 2,123 2,166 2,194 2,237 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1

Midwest

1,086 1,116 1,045 1,125 1,144 1,204 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7

West

1,135 1,204 1,248 1,258 1,285 1,228 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.6

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

-Data not available


Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
May
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)
May
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)

Total

3,227 3,191 3,208 3,387 3,349 3,561 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,047 3,023 3,045 3,217 3,166 3,370 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.7

Mining and logging

14 19 21 21 22 24 2.1 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.3

Construction

149 156 150 149 154 163 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3

Manufacturing

202 214 215 211 204 194 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5

Durable goods

106 117 122 126 116 111 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4

Nondurable goods

96 97 93 85 88 83 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

684 643 626 667 688 755 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.7

Wholesale trade

74 88 86 84 84 83 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Retail trade

502 452 424 461 486 532 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

108 102 116 122 119 139 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.4

Information

34 50 49 43 48 59 1.2 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.1

Financial activities

130 118 118 101 97 113 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3

Finance and insurance

79 76 83 62 45 66 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.7 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

51 43 35 39 52 47 2.3 1.9 1.6 1.7 2.3 2.1

Professional and business services

605 641 690 715 671 682 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3

Education and health services

423 400 406 433 433 492 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.1

Educational services

43 45 48 46 52 56 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5

Health care and social assistance

380 355 358 387 381 436 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.2

Leisure and hospitality

688 672 694 731 724 749 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

58 79 67 92 70 75 2.5 3.4 2.9 3.9 3.0 3.2

Accommodation and food services

630 593 627 639 653 674 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8

Other services(3)

117 111 76 145 125 138 2.0 1.9 1.3 2.5 2.1 2.4

Government

180 168 163 171 184 191 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9

Federal

14 13 14 15 16 14 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5

State and local

166 155 149 156 168 177 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

State and local education

81 80 78 79 90 94 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9

State and local, excluding education

85 75 71 77 78 83 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

REGION(4)

Northeast

462 431 422 438 460 465 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7

South

1,333 1,330 1,376 1,419 1,385 1,521 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.8

Midwest

677 687 647 718 717 757 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3

West

756 743 764 813 786 818 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.4

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
May
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)
May
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)

Total

1,689 1,784 1,620 1,547 1,731 1,588 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,580 1,677 1,516 1,448 1,640 1,509 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2

Mining and logging(3)

12 12 9 11 11 8 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.1

Construction

189 173 149 180 156 163 2.7 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.3

Manufacturing

104 101 114 110 118 117 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

Durable goods

59 62 58 60 69 60 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8

Nondurable goods

45 40 57 50 49 56 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

284 329 306 302 343 247 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.9

Wholesale trade(3)

41 49 41 32 43 25 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.4

Retail trade

174 196 193 199 220 145 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

69 84 73 71 80 77 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3

Information

36 31 26 27 29 24 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9

Financial activities

49 68 52 41 72 75 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.9

Finance and insurance

24 47 37 23 50 47 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

25 21 15 19 22 28 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2

Professional and business services

426 405 344 376 386 411 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0

Education and health services

170 189 183 143 165 144 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6

Educational services

37 39 40 37 33 35 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9

Health care and social assistance

133 150 143 106 132 109 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.5

Leisure and hospitality

241 295 270 224 303 268 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

85 76 87 49 102 58 3.7 3.2 3.7 2.1 4.3 2.5

Accommodation and food services

156 219 183 174 201 210 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5

Other services

69 75 63 34 59 52 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.9

Government

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Federal

- - - - - - - - - - - -

State and local

97 94 90 87 85 71 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local education

39 54 40 45 46 31 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local, excluding education

58 41 50 42 39 41 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4

REGION(4)

Northeast

293 334 280 268 263 275 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

South

770 733 620 604 680 608 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1

Midwest

326 355 334 326 366 379 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2

West

300 361 385 350 422 325 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

-Data not available


Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
May
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)
May
2017
Jan.
2018
Feb.
2018
Mar.
2018
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)

Total

350 344 346 387 344 320 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

289 289 283 322 279 268 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

3 1 1 2 1 1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Construction(3)

13 8 7 22 8 19 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3

Manufacturing

19 28 21 21 21 23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

10 16 12 13 13 13 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods(3)

10 12 8 9 8 10 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

88 90 77 98 73 74 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade

8 12 8 14 10 14 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade

66 66 56 72 52 51 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

15 12 13 12 12 9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Information(3)

11 11 9 4 8 7 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3

Financial activities

33 26 30 29 29 9 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1

Finance and insurance

30 24 28 21 27 8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

3 2 2 7 2 1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1

Professional and business services

51 29 47 72 57 69 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services

36 66 55 39 43 39 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services(3)

7 5 8 7 6 7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance(3)

29 61 47 32 36 32 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

31 21 20 19 24 18 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)

3 2 3 4 4 4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services(3)

28 19 17 15 20 14 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Other services(3)

3 9 16 16 15 8 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1

Government

61 56 63 66 65 52 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Federal

7 7 14 13 13 9 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3

State and local

54 49 49 53 52 42 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local education

24 23 24 25 25 18 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education

30 26 25 28 28 24 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION(4)

Northeast

60 48 56 67 78 59 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

South

127 123 127 144 128 108 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Midwest

83 74 64 81 60 67 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West

79 100 99 95 77 86 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
May
2017
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)
May
2017
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)

Total

5,696 7,354 6,671 3.7 4.7 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,184 6,781 6,071 4.0 5.1 4.6

Mining and logging

21 27 37 3.0 3.6 4.8

Construction

183 243 243 2.6 3.3 3.2

Manufacturing

354 452 441 2.8 3.5 3.4

Durable goods

202 281 272 2.6 3.4 3.3

Nondurable goods

152 171 169 3.1 3.5 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

997 1,317 1,311 3.5 4.6 4.5

Wholesale trade

194 214 208 3.2 3.5 3.4

Retail trade

644 791 790 3.9 4.8 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

159 313 314 2.7 5.1 5.1

Information

100 188 128 3.5 6.4 4.4

Financial activities

334 381 317 3.8 4.3 3.6

Finance and insurance

254 283 228 3.9 4.3 3.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

80 98 88 3.5 4.3 3.8

Professional and business services

997 1,374 1,221 4.7 6.2 5.5

Education and health services

1,053 1,421 1,168 4.3 5.7 4.7

Educational services

101 114 106 2.6 2.8 2.7

Health care and social assistance

952 1,307 1,062 4.7 6.2 5.1

Leisure and hospitality

879 1,139 969 5.1 6.6 5.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

73 160 104 3.0 6.6 4.1

Accommodation and food services

806 979 865 5.5 6.6 5.8

Other services

267 239 235 4.4 3.9 3.8

Government

512 573 601 2.2 2.5 2.6

Federal

106 82 94 3.6 2.9 3.3

State and local

406 491 507 2.0 2.4 2.5

State and local education

142 171 170 1.3 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding education

264 320 337 2.8 3.4 3.6

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,033 1,276 1,082 3.7 4.5 3.8

South

2,079 2,643 2,448 3.7 4.7 4.3

Midwest

1,320 1,712 1,657 3.9 5.0 4.8

West

1,264 1,723 1,484 3.6 4.8 4.1

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
May
2017
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)
May
2017
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)

Total

6,099 5,961 6,449 4.2 4.0 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,737 5,694 6,086 4.6 4.5 4.8

Mining and logging

39 43 45 5.7 6.0 6.2

Construction

473 479 499 6.8 6.8 6.9

Manufacturing

372 377 386 3.0 3.0 3.0

Durable goods

212 227 230 2.7 2.9 2.9

Nondurable goods

160 150 155 3.4 3.2 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,124 1,106 1,178 4.1 4.0 4.3

Wholesale trade

134 139 133 2.3 2.3 2.2

Retail trade

795 766 821 5.0 4.9 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

194 201 224 3.4 3.5 3.8

Information

77 84 95 2.7 3.0 3.4

Financial activities

247 211 220 2.9 2.5 2.6

Finance and insurance

161 126 137 2.6 2.0 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

86 85 82 4.0 3.9 3.7

Professional and business services

1,198 1,258 1,267 5.9 6.0 6.1

Education and health services

653 664 721 2.8 2.8 3.1

Educational services

77 72 82 2.1 1.9 2.2

Health care and social assistance

576 591 639 3.0 3.0 3.2

Leisure and hospitality

1,256 1,231 1,361 7.7 7.6 8.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

261 244 259 10.8 10.7 10.6

Accommodation and food services

995 987 1,102 7.2 7.1 7.8

Other services

300 241 314 5.2 4.1 5.3

Government

- - - - - -

Federal

- - - - - -

State and local

318 233 334 1.6 1.2 1.7

State and local education

93 82 93 0.9 0.8 0.9

State and local, excluding education

225 151 241 2.5 1.7 2.6

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,091 889 951 4.0 3.3 3.5

South

2,307 2,339 2,494 4.3 4.3 4.6

Midwest

1,403 1,333 1,602 4.3 4.1 4.9

West

1,299 1,399 1,402 3.8 4.1 4.1

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

-Data not available


Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
May
2017
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)
May
2017
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)

Total

5,257 5,227 5,525 3.6 3.5 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,857 4,985 5,149 3.9 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging

29 34 36 4.4 4.7 4.9

Construction

326 312 327 4.7 4.4 4.5

Manufacturing

327 346 328 2.6 2.7 2.6

Durable goods

173 199 181 2.2 2.5 2.3

Nondurable goods

154 148 147 3.3 3.1 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,024 1,064 1,048 3.7 3.9 3.8

Wholesale trade

116 142 112 2.0 2.4 1.9

Retail trade

742 728 738 4.7 4.6 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

165 194 198 2.9 3.4 3.4

Information

79 86 87 2.8 3.1 3.1

Financial activities

212 214 193 2.5 2.5 2.3

Finance and insurance

137 136 121 2.2 2.2 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

75 78 72 3.5 3.5 3.2

Professional and business services

1,096 1,115 1,195 5.4 5.4 5.7

Education and health services

658 614 716 2.8 2.6 3.0

Educational services

107 70 120 2.9 1.8 3.2

Health care and social assistance

552 544 595 2.8 2.7 3.0

Leisure and hospitality

922 1,011 1,030 5.7 6.3 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

110 170 110 4.6 7.5 4.5

Accommodation and food services

812 841 920 5.8 6.1 6.5

Other services

184 188 191 3.2 3.2 3.2

Government

- - - - - -

Federal

- - - - - -

State and local

370 211 350 1.9 1.1 1.8

State and local education

219 92 214 2.0 0.8 2.0

State and local, excluding education

151 119 136 1.7 1.3 1.5

REGION(3)

Northeast

733 763 736 2.7 2.8 2.7

South

2,301 2,160 2,352 4.3 4.0 4.3

Midwest

1,085 1,053 1,220 3.3 3.2 3.7

West

1,138 1,252 1,218 3.4 3.7 3.5

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

-Data not available


Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
May
2017
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)
May
2017
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)

Total

3,284 3,309 3,671 2.2 2.2 2.5

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,077 3,164 3,439 2.5 2.5 2.7

Mining and logging

14 22 26 2.2 3.1 3.6

Construction

159 163 175 2.3 2.3 2.4

Manufacturing

215 215 199 1.7 1.7 1.6

Durable goods

112 124 114 1.4 1.6 1.4

Nondurable goods

104 91 85 2.2 1.9 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

679 697 758 2.5 2.5 2.7

Wholesale trade

70 88 78 1.2 1.5 1.3

Retail trade

514 485 553 3.3 3.1 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

95 124 128 1.7 2.1 2.2

Information

31 47 57 1.1 1.7 2.1

Financial activities

134 99 119 1.6 1.2 1.4

Finance and insurance

83 47 71 1.3 0.8 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

51 52 47 2.3 2.3 2.1

Professional and business services

607 654 680 3.0 3.1 3.3

Education and health services

431 428 514 1.9 1.8 2.2

Educational services

44 43 59 1.2 1.1 1.6

Health care and social assistance

386 385 454 2.0 1.9 2.3

Leisure and hospitality

688 715 774 4.2 4.4 4.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

55 62 72 2.3 2.7 3.0

Accommodation and food services

634 653 702 4.6 4.7 5.0

Other services

117 125 138 2.0 2.1 2.3

Government

207 145 232 0.9 0.6 1.0

Federal

14 15 13 0.5 0.6 0.5

State and local

193 130 219 1.0 0.7 1.1

State and local education

106 56 130 1.0 0.5 1.2

State and local, excluding education

87 73 89 1.0 0.8 1.0

REGION(3)

Northeast

447 452 458 1.7 1.7 1.7

South

1,358 1,385 1,578 2.5 2.6 2.9

Midwest

706 688 796 2.2 2.1 2.4

West

773 784 839 2.3 2.3 2.4

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
May
2017
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)
May
2017
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)

Total

1,602 1,591 1,524 1.1 1.1 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,483 1,543 1,438 1.2 1.2 1.1

Mining and logging

12 11 8 1.8 1.5 1.2

Construction

153 141 133 2.2 2.0 1.8

Manufacturing

92 110 107 0.7 0.9 0.8

Durable goods

52 61 54 0.7 0.8 0.7

Nondurable goods

40 49 53 0.9 1.0 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

245 295 208 0.9 1.1 0.8

Wholesale trade

41 43 25 0.7 0.7 0.4

Retail trade

148 195 122 0.9 1.2 0.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

55 58 61 1.0 1.0 1.0

Information

36 32 22 1.3 1.1 0.8

Financial activities

41 80 64 0.5 0.9 0.8

Finance and insurance

20 57 41 0.3 0.9 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

21 24 23 1.0 1.1 1.0

Professional and business services

445 409 449 2.2 2.0 2.1

Education and health services

192 144 163 0.8 0.6 0.7

Educational services

55 21 54 1.5 0.5 1.4

Health care and social assistance

137 123 109 0.7 0.6 0.5

Leisure and hospitality

203 272 238 1.2 1.7 1.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

53 104 33 2.2 4.6 1.4

Accommodation and food services

150 169 205 1.1 1.2 1.4

Other services

64 48 45 1.1 0.8 0.8

Government

- - - - - -

Federal

- - - - - -

State and local

111 43 82 0.6 0.2 0.4

State and local education

74 22 57 0.7 0.2 0.5

State and local, excluding education

37 22 25 0.4 0.2 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

232 231 227 0.9 0.8 0.8

South

802 655 657 1.5 1.2 1.2

Midwest

283 311 345 0.9 0.9 1.0

West

286 393 296 0.8 1.2 0.9

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

-Data not available


Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
May
2017
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)
May
2017
Apr.
2018
May
2018(p)

Total

371 327 330 0.3 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

298 277 272 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

3 1 1 0.5 0.1 0.1

Construction

13 8 19 0.2 0.1 0.3

Manufacturing

19 21 23 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

10 13 13 0.1 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods

10 8 10 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

101 72 82 0.4 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade

5 11 9 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade

81 48 63 0.5 0.3 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

15 12 9 0.3 0.2 0.2

Information

11 8 7 0.4 0.3 0.3

Financial activities

37 34 10 0.4 0.4 0.1

Finance and insurance

33 32 8 0.5 0.5 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

3 2 1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Professional and business services

43 52 65 0.2 0.3 0.3

Education and health services

36 43 39 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services

7 6 7 0.2 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance

29 36 32 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

31 24 18 0.2 0.1 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

3 4 4 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services

28 20 14 0.2 0.1 0.1

Other services

3 15 8 0.1 0.3 0.1

Government

73 50 58 0.3 0.2 0.3

Federal

7 12 10 0.3 0.4 0.3

State and local

66 38 49 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local education

39 14 27 0.4 0.1 0.3

State and local, excluding education

27 24 21 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION(3)

Northeast

54 79 51 0.2 0.3 0.2

South

142 120 117 0.3 0.2 0.2

Midwest

96 54 79 0.3 0.2 0.2

West

79 74 83 0.2 0.2 0.2

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Last Modified Date: July 10, 2018